The Lightning Component framework is a Salesforce UI framework to develop salesforce apps. It’s a Salesforce-based modern UI framework for building single-page applications(SPA) with dynamic, Browser and device compatible for Lightning Platform apps. It uses JavaScript on the client-side and Apex on the server-side.

Why we are using Lightning Component ?

• Avoid server calls
• Lazy loading to increase the performance
• Faster development
• 2 way binding
• Avoid View state error
• Lightning app builder
• Cross browser compatability
• Lightning Out
• etc

How can we use components in many different places

• Lightning Experience and Salesforce1 Mobile App
• Lightning Pages
• Community Builder
• Lightning Apps
• In Visualforce Pages
• Any App with Lightning Out.
• Stand-alone apps that are hosted on Salesforce.